BIOLOGY-XII
CHAPTER-EVOLUTION
PART A
1. The spark-discharge apparatus to test chemical evolution of life was designed by
a) Oparin and Haldane
b) Miller and Urey
c) Jacob and Monad
d) Dixon and Jolley
2. Universe is about
a) 20-million-year-old and its origin explained by Big-Bang theory
b) 20-billion-year-old and its origin explained by Big-Bang theory
c) 10-million-year-old and its origin explained by chemical evolution theory
d) 10-billion-year-old and its origin explained by Modern synthetic theory
3. In 1953, S.L. Miller, an American scientist created electric discharge in a closed flask containing
a) CH4, CO2, NH3 and water vapors at 800℃
b) CO2, H2, NH3 and water vapors at 1600℃
c) CH4, H2, O3 and water vapors at 800℃
d) CH4, H2, NH3 and water vapors at 800℃
4. Earth was supposed to have been formed about
a) 4.5 million years back
b) 4500 million years back
c) 45 billion years back
c) 4500 billion years back
5. Extinction of dinosaurs took place how many years ago?
a) 660 million years ago
b) 65 million years ago
c) 6.6 million years ago
d) 6 lacs years ago
6. Darwinism explains all the following except one. Identify it
a) Offspring with better traits that overcome competition are best suited for the environment
b) Variations may or may not be inherited from parents to offspring through genes
c) Within each species, there are variations
d) Organisms tend to produce a greater number of offspring than can survive
7. Atmosphere of primitive earth was devoid of which of the following gases?
a) Free oxygen
b) Free hydrogen
c) Ammonia
d) Carbon dioxide
8. The two key concepts of Darwin’s theory are
a) Branching descent and natural selection
b) Competition and variations
c) Mutations and natural selection
d) enormous capacity of reproduction and pre-existing variations
9. Oparin’s theory of origin of life was based on
a) Chemical evolution
b) Cosmic evolution
c) Artificial synthesis
d) Organic evolution
10. Darwin’s finches discovered from the Galapagos Islands serve as a good example of
a) Mimicry
b) Camouflage
c) Seasonal migration
d) Biogeographical evidence of evolution
11. Industrial melanism is an example of
a) Defensive adaptation of skin against ultraviolet radiations
b) Drug resistance
c) Darkening of skin due to smoke from industries
d) Protective resemblance with the surrounding
12. Fossils are preserved in
a) Sedimentary rocks
b) Lava rocks
c) Metamorphic rocks
d) Any kind pf rocks
13. Potato tuber and sweet potato are the examples of
a) Atavism
b) Homology
c) Analogy
d) Adaptive radiation
14. Which of the following is a set of homologous organs?
a) Wings of grasshopper and flippers of whale
b) Wings of birds and front feet of horse
c) Wings of housefly and wings of birds
d) None of these
15. Analogous structures are
a) Similar in origin and function
b) Different in origin and function
c) Different in origin but similar in function
d) Similar in origin but different in function
16. Which dinosaur was about 20 feet in height and had huge fearsome dagger like teeth?
a) b)
c) d)
17. Evolution of different species in a given area starting from a point and spreading to other geographical areas is known as
a) Natural selection
b) Migration
c) Divergent evolution
d) Adaptive radiation
18. Occurrence of endemic species in South America and Australia is due to
a) Progressive evolution
b) Continental separation
c) Absence of terrestrial route to these places
d) Extinction of these species in other regions
19. Disruptive selection
a) Eliminates uncommon forms of alleles
b) Does not favor intermediate forms of a trait
c) Shifts allele frequencies in a steady, consistent direction
d) All of these
20. What evolved into the first amphibians?
a) Cartilaginous fishes
b) Bony fishes
c) Jawless fishes
d) Lobed Fin Fish
21. Following is the diagrammatic representation of the operation of natural selection on different traits. Which of the following options correctly identifies all the three graphs (a), (b) and (c)?
a) (a) – Directional; (b) – Stabilizing; (c) – Disruptive
b) (a) – Stabilizing; (b) – Directional; (c) – Disruptive
c) (a) – Disruptive; (b) – Stabilizing; (c) – Directional
d) (a) – Directional; (b) – Disruptive; (c) – Stabilizing
22. The Hardy-Weinberg principle cannot operate if
a) The population is very large
b) Frequent mutations occur in the population
c) Free interbreeding occurs among all members of the population
d) Both a and c
23. Equation of Hardy-Weinberg is depicted as
a) b)
c) d)
24. The primate which existed 15 mya was
a) Homo habilis
b) Australopithecus
c) Ramapethicus
d) Homo erectus
25. Louis Pasteur’s view on the origin of life is that
a) Life originated within six days
b) Life originated from the living organisms only
c) Life originated spontaneously from the non-living substances
d) Life came from other planet
26. If mouse: marsupial mouse, then Lemur:
a) Tasmanian tiger cat
b) Spotted cuscus
c) Tasmanian wolf
d) Bobcat
27. Select the false statement
(A) Dryopithecus was more ape-like
(B) Ramapethicus was more man-like
(C) Dryopithecus and Ramapethicus both were hairy and walked like gorillas and chimpanzees
(D) Australopithecines lived in the East African grassland probably 3-4 mya
a) Only (B)
b) (B) and (C)
c) Only (D)
d) None of these
28. All these facts are true about the Neanderthal man except one. Identify it
a) Brain size was 1400 cc
b) They used hides to protect their bodies
c) They lived in east and central Asia about 1,00,000 – 40,000 years back
d) Their fossils were discovered in Java in 1891
29. Life came from outer space in the form of unit of life called spores was strongly believed by early Greek thinkers and also favorite idea for astronomers is
a) Spontaneous generation
b) Theory of catastrophism
c) Special creation theory
d) Panspermia theory
30. Alfred Wallace, who worked in Malay Archipelago, is the coauthor of
a) Use and disuse theory
b) Natural selection theory
c) Biogenetic law
d) Laws of embryology
31. Darwinian variations are
a) Small and directional
b) Random and directionless
c) Large and directional
d) Single step small mutations
32. Which statement is best supported by fossil records?
a) Many organisms that lived in the past are now extinct
b) Species occupying the same habitat have identical environmental needs
c) The struggle for existence between organisms results in changes in populations
d) Structures such as leg bones and wing bones can originate from the same type of tissue found in embryo’s
33. At a particular locus, frequency of ‘A’ allele is 0.7 and of ‘a’ is 0.3. What would be the frequency of heterozygotes in a randomly mating population of equilibrium
a) 0.9
b) 0.21
c) 0.42
d) 0.49
34. The fish like reptiles were
a) Tyrannosaurus
b) Ichthyosaurus
c) Thecodonts
d) Brachiosaurus
35. When more than one adaptive radiation appeared to have occur in an isolated geographical area, it is called
a) Divergent evolution
b) Convergent evolution
c) Anthropogenic evolution
d) Saltation
PART B
36. The CORRECT evolutionary sequence of mammals is
a) Synapsids → Pelycosaurs → Therapsids → Mammals
b) Synapsids → Pelycosaurs → Thecodonts → Mammals
c) Sauropsids → Thecodonts → Synapsids → Mammals
d) Sauropsids → Pelycosaurs → Therapsids → Mammals
37. Choose the incorrect match.
a) Von Baer – embryos never pass through the adult stages of other animals
b) Oparin & Haldane – formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution
c) Special creation theory – age of earth is 4.5 billion years
d) Hugo DeVries – mutations are random and directionless
38. Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option
Column – I Column – II
(A) Pre-historic cave art (i) 10,000 years back
(B) Agriculture (ii) 18,000 Years back
(C) Neanderthal man (iii) 1.5 mya
(D) Homo erectus (iv) 40,000-1,00,000 years back
a) (a) – (i); (b) – (ii); (c) – (iii); (d) – (iv)
b) (a) – (iv); (b) – (ii); (c) – (iii); (d) – (i)
c) (a) – (ii); (b) – (i); (c) – (iv); (d) – (iii)
d) (a) – (iii); (b) – (i); (c) – (iv); (d) – (ii)
39. Which of the following evidences does not favor the Lamarckian concept of inheritance of acquired characters?
a) Lack of pigment of cave-dwelling animals
b) Melanisation in peppered moth
c) Absence of limbs in snakes
d) Presence of webbed toes in aquatic birds
40. Mutation theory explaining organic evolution was proposed by Hugo de Vries. He worked on
a) Pisum sativum
b) Evening Primrose
c) Oenothera lamarckiana
d) Both b and c
41. Abiogenesis theory of origin of life states
a) Spontaneous generation
b) life comes only from non-living and supported by Luis Pasteur
c) Origin of life due to pre-existing organism
d) Origin of life from blue green algae
42. Which of the following sets includes only the vestigial structures in man?
a) Coccyx, body hair, ear ossicles and vermiform appendix
b) Body hair, olecranon process, coccyx and patella
c) Wisdom teeth, mammary glands, coccyx and patella
d) Coccyx, nictitating membrane, vermiform appendix and ear pinnae muscles
43. Choose the incorrect from the following
a) The Big Bang theory attempts to explain to us the origin of universe.
b) Earth was supposed to have been formed about 4.5 million years back.
c) ‘Panspermia’ is still a favorite idea for some astronomers
d) Alfred Wallace, a naturalist who worked in Malay Archipelago had also come to similar conclusions like Darwin around the same time.
44. Fossil X is older than fossil Y because
a) Fossil Y was found in deeper sedimentation
b) Fossil X was found in deeper sedimentation
c) Fossil Y has some vestigial organs functional in X
d) Fossil Y has homologous organs of X
45. Who wrote an essay on Human Population Growth that helped Darwin formulate his theory of evolution?
a) Charles Lyell
b) August Weismann
c) Alfred Russel Wallace
d) Thomas Malthus
46. Evolutionary history of an organism is known as
a) Phylogeny
b) Ancestry
c) Paleontology
d) Ontogeny
47. Which of the following concepts is known as the Sewall Wright effect?
a) Genetic drift
b) Isolation
c) Gene pool
d) Gene flow
48. What is true about mutations regarding evolution?
a) Directional and random
b) Darwin stated mutations cause variation in living organisms
c) Non-directional and random
d) Directional and useful
49. Haeckel’s theory of recapitulation means that
a) All organisms start as an egg
b) Life history of an animal reflects its evolutionary history
c) Progeny of an organism resembles its parents
d) Body parts once lost are regenerated
50. Which of the following is not a finding observed by Darwin, when he landed on the Galapagos Islands?
a) Finch birds distributed from mainland to islands and shown variation in beak size for food habits.
b) The island species resembled the mainland species
c) Islands contain more different species of finches than the mainland
d) The corresponding size of the species was smaller on the islands than the species of the mainland
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ANSWER KEY- EVOLUTION
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